Understanding blepharitis

What is blepharitis?

Blepharitis is a common but often under-diagnosed condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the eyelids. It is caused by a malfunction of the sebaceous glands located along the edge of the eyelids. When these glands become defective, they produce excess sebum and dead skin. This accumulation of debris leads to irritation of the eyelid and eye surface. There are two types of blepharitis: anterior blepharitis, which affects the eyelashes, and posterior blepharitis, which affects the Meibomius glands.

Symptoms of blepharitis

Blepharitis may present a set of characteristic symptoms, such as:

1. Itchy, irritated eyelids: Eyelids can become particularly itchy, causing itching and redness.
2. Burning sensation: Some blepharitis sufferers experience a burning or stinging sensation in their eyes.
3. Formation of crusts and oily deposits: Crusts or oily deposits may form along the lashes, causing a feeling of roughness and discomfort.
4. Dry eyes: Blepharitis can disrupt tear production, leading to dry, irritated eyes.
5. Watery eyes and sensitivity to light: Some individuals may notice that their eyes are more watery and that they are more sensitive to light.

It's important to recognize these symptoms early on, so you can benefit from appropriate treatment to relieve blepharitis.

Causes and risk factors

Causes of Blepharitis

Blepharitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Meibomian gland dysfunction: Abnormal functioning of these glands along the eyelids can lead to blepharitis.
• Bacterial infection: Bacterial infection, often caused by bacteria such as staphylococcus, can trigger blepharitis.
• Skin disorders: Certain skin disorders such as eczema or rosacea may be associated with blepharitis.
• Ocular allergies: Allergies to pollen, dust or other substances can also cause eyelid irritation and contribute to the development of blepharitis.
• Demodex infestation: Demodex, a microscopic parasite naturally present on eyelashes, can also cause blepharitis when it proliferates excessively.

Associated risk factors

Certain factors can increase the risk of developing blepharitis:

• Dry eyes: People suffering from dry eyes are more likely to develop blepharitis.
• Hormones: Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during juvenile acne or menopause, can increase the risk of blepharitis.
• Stress and fatigue: Chronic stress and fatigue can weaken the immune system, making you more vulnerable to eye infections.
• Wearing contact lenses: Contact lenses can encourage the accumulation of ocular waste and increase the risk of blepharitis.
• Asthma and allergies: People with asthma or allergies have a higher risk of developing blepharitis.
• Family history: A family history of blepharitis may increase the likelihood of developing this condition.

It is important to consider these causes and risk factors in order to better understand blepharitis and take the necessary steps to prevent and treat it.

Diagnosis of blepharitis

Diagnostic process

The diagnosis of blepharitis is based on :

• Slit-lamp examination to evaluate the eyelids
• Schirmer test to measure tear secretion
• Analysis of tear film quality
• Search for signs of inflammation or infection

The importance of accurate diagnosis

Rigorous diagnosis is crucial, as it enables :

• Determining the type of blepharitis (anterior or posterior)
• Identify underlying cause (infection, allergy, skin disorder, etc.)
• Prescribe the most appropriate treatment based on the patient's profile

What treatments are available for blepharitis?

Treatment options

Possible treatments are :

• Hygiene care with gels or cleansing wipes
• Massages to unblock the Meibomian glands
• Topical or oral antibiotics in case of infection
• Warm compresses
• Lubricating drops or artificial tears
• Anti-inflammatory drugs (topical corticoids)

Choosing the right treatment

The choice of treatment depends on :

• Cause and severity of blepharitis
• Patient's age
• Medical history and any allergies

A combined approach of hygiene care and medication is often necessary.

Conclusion

In short, blepharitis is a common but under-diagnosed eye condition that should not be overlooked. Daily care of the eyelids, combined with medical treatment if necessary, will in most cases bring the condition under control. Don't hesitate to consult an optometrist to confirm the diagnosis and define an effective treatment strategy.